Energy storage (Brazil)
“Non-firm” energy sources, such as solar and wind, have brought with them the need to introduce energy storage to mitigate the new phenomena that have emerged.
The “duck curve” is one of them and points to the need to improve the transition between the end of the sunlight period and the beginning of the night.
Another is when the sun “disappears” in the middle of the day and the electricity sector’s value chain needs to take over the entire supply at a time when it is “on-peak”.
The question that, in my opinion, is super important who should pay for the necessary storage: those who decide to invest in solar or all consumers?
This is a relevant issue. In California (USA) this responsibility lies with those who decide to install solar.
Here in Brazil, the prevailing trend is to simply pass it on to everyone!